1.0 The Statement

Psalm 12 is a Psalm of David, is not questioned by most Expositors.  David wrote a total of Seventy-four Psalms of the 150 Psalms. Also, of the 16 Messianic Psalms, 10 Messianic Psalms were written by David.

The Title of Psalm 12 indicates that it was incorporated into Israel’s Public Worship at an Early Date. The Choirmaster or Chief Musician occurs first and then the melody, “Shem’inith” (Heb: ’al-hasheminit) means “the eighth,” which may refer to the number of the familiar melody, a lower octave for men’s voices or eight strings of the musical instrument played by the Levites (1Chronicles 15:21) or eight noted melodies to which the Psalm was sung.  F.W.Grant’s comment is very beautiful. “The flute is silent, and the music of the stringed instruments, better fitted to express the deeper emotions of the heart, follows them: and indeed, in the bass notes upon the octave.” These Musical Directions would be well understood by the Chief Musician and the Singers of that day, but today the full meaning of some of these words is not clear even to the Scholars of the Hebrew Language. “Shem’inith” means “the eighth” or “an octave” or eight strings of the musical instrument or eight noted melodies to which Psalm 12 was sung. 

David had several difficult periods of his life to which the sentiments of Psalm 12 would have been applicable:

• Some Expositors think that Psalm 12 describes David’s circumstances when, in his younger age, he resided in the Court of King Saul whose constant intent was to kill him. King Saul made 15 attempts on David’s life (1Samuel chapters 17 to 26).
• Some Expositors think that Psalm 12 may have been composed during that time when David had to flee from King Saul, a Fugitive in the caves and woods of desert and wilderness (1Samuel chapters 24 & 26).
• Some Expositors think that Psalm 12 belongs to those sad days when Absalom had usurped David’s Throne and David was exiled from his Throne and family (2Samuel chapters 15 to 18).

In any of these times there are those who are treacherous, chief of whom, of course, is his own son Absalom, and his former friend and Counsellor Ahithophel. Psalm 12 is divided into Four Parts of two Verses each:

• Psalm 12:1-2, David Prays to the LORD concerning those who are “bad-mouthing” him (David) with their tongues.
• Psalm 12:3-4, David expresses Confidence that the LORD will deal with these Enemies.
• Psalm 12:5-6, David has the LORD’s Word for it and rejoices in that Word.
• Psalm 12:7-8, David, Rests in the Divine (God’s) Assurance, though sensible that the trouble is still present.

These Four Parts may also be divided into two, Psalm 12:1-4 being the Prayer; and Psalm 12:5-8 being the Prophecy.

1.1 The Cry for Help

Psalm 12:1(KJV) “Help, LORD; for the Godly man ceases; for the Faithful failed from among the Children of men.” The cry of the distressing Person is emphasised with the Call for Help – “Help, LORD!” The Cry, “Help LORD” is described by:

• Plumer: “The word help does not call merely for some aid, but for full and effectual deliverance.”  Plumer further said, “By far the most common rendering of the first verb in this verse is save; after that deliver, preserve, avenge, rescue, help.”
• Spurgeon: “A short, but sweet, but suggestive, seasonable, and serviceable Prayer; a kind of Angel’s sword, to be turned every way and to be used on all occasions.”

David’s cry “Help LORD” is the universal cry and the timeless plea for God’s Mercy against treachery on every side. David is under great pressure. He is burdened with the decline of Godly and Faithful men – “The Godly man ceases……the Faithful failed” (Psalm 12:1a). “Help LORD” has been the lament of Saints throughout the Ages:

• Apostle Paul states: “This you know that all they which are in Asia be turned away from me” (2Timothy 1:15, KJV).
• Elijah felt it keenly too, and cried: “I, even I only, am left” (1Kings 19:14, KJV).

However, there can never be, in any dispensation, a complete and utter failure of testimony, for God never leaves Himself without Faithful Witnesses.

Story: On the 16^th day of August 1593, “the Tobie, of London, a ship of 250 tonnes, manned with fifty men, set sail from Blackwall.” The ship was cast ashore on the Barbary coast and broke up so fast that there was no time to make a raft. Climbing up into the shrouds the Crew hung there for a time. “But seeing nothing but present death approach, we commended ourselves unto the LORD, and began with doleful tune and heavy hearts to sing 12 Psalm: ‘Help, LORD, for Good and Godly Men’ – Howbeit, before we had finished four Verses, the Waves of the Sea had stopped the breathes of most of our men……And only Twelve, by God’s Providence, partly by swimming and other meanes of chests, got on shore, which was about a quarter of a mile from the wreck of the Ship” (W. Graham Scroggie, “A Guide To The Psalms,” Kregel Publications, pgs.92-93).

1.2 The Words of the Wicked

Psalm 12:2,3b (KJV) “They speak vanity everyone with his neighbour; with flattering lips and with a double heart do they speak……And the tongue that speaks proud things.” The Righteous Person is not surrounded by upright and trustworthy People, but by People who use words not to advance truth but to advance their own evil ends. The Wicked Person does three things:

1.2.1 Speaks Vanity

Psalm 12:2a (KJV) “They speak vanity {pride} everyone with his neighbour.” – The word “vanity” is the most embracing expression for the misuse of words. Vanity = Falsehood or distortion of truth, empty and useless words.

The Hebrew word, while it includes lie, means “emptiness,” thus also including the additional ideas of insincerity and irresponsibility (Derek Kidner: “An Introduction and Commentary on Books I & II of the Psalm,” London: Inter-Vasity, 1973, pg.75). It is insincerity with which the Wicked converses with each other. Thus, compliments and fawning congratulations are hateful to honest men.  

1.2.2 Flatters

Psalm 12:2b (KJV) “With flattering lips.” – Flattery goes a step beyond mere emptiness (“vanity”) because it contains the additional elements of a corrupt or an evil motive.The Hebrew word “flattery” means “smooth,” and there is much smooth talk about us:

• Flattery is smooth talk, which is glib, facile, false pleasing, and deadly.
• Flattery is not communication, it is manipulation.
• Flattery is treachery in disguise.

Flattery plays on the ego and especially influences the Person who wants to appear important (Jude 11). It is universal among the Wicked, this hypocrisy of flattering with the lips:

• There have been Periods of History when flattering speech has been developed to a high degree, as in Diplomatic or Courtly Language.
• King Solomon must have endured a great deal of it at his Court, because the Book of Proverbs, which he wrote, warns often against flattery (Proverbs 26:28; Proverbs 28:23; Proverbs 29:5; etc).
• Daniel says that flattery will be a tool of that Wicked World Ruler (Antichrist) who will arise at the Last Day (Daniel 11:32).
• Jude links flattery to the ways of the ungodly who will be condemned in God’s Final Judgement (Jude 16).

The Person who flatters with his lips, beguiling, and cozening (flatter to cheat) his Victims to get them completely into his Power with adverse result:

• Proverbs 26:28b (NIV) “A flattering mouth works ruin.”
• Proverbs 28:23 (NIV) “He who rebukes a man will in the end gain more favour than he who has a flattering tongue.”

Flattery plays on the ego and especially influences the Person who wants to appear important (Jude 11).

1.2.3 Deceive (“Double-Heart”)

Psalm 12:2c (KJV) “And with a double heart do they speak.”  – The Hebrew text is idiomatic at this point, for it says literally, “they speak with a heart and a heart” (“double heart”):

• It is Hebrew way of describing double-talk or, as we would say, “talking out of both sides of our mouths.”
• It is using a word that means one thing to advance something that is its exact opposite.

The Wicked with one heart, fauns, and flatters, saying things which might please, with another heart the Wicked harbours mischievous thoughts and intents. It is duplicity, which is the divided heart (literally, “a heart and a heart”).

The Wicked Person has “two hearts,” one speaks smooth words and the other to imagine mischief! The Chinese considers the Person with “two hearts” to be a very base Individual because he believes one thing with his heart but says another with his mouth.  

In the secular, artificial evasive language is called “double-speak” (William Lutz (1989) and “The New Double-Speak” (1996), both published by Harper Collins):

• What was once called “Home Economics” is now “The College of Applied Life Science.”
• In Tucson, Arizona, potholes are no more because they are now known as “pavement deficiencies.”
• In Politics, new taxes are “revenue enhancements.”
• In military jargon, “retreat” is “back-loading of augmentation personnel.
• If, while Soldiers are “back-loading,” and got shot, the bullet hole is “a ballistically induced aperture in the subcutaneous environment.”

“Double-speak” is catching on and is popular in almost every area of human life is evidence that language and communication are in serious trouble. Our ability to speak and write words is God’s Precious Gift, and Psalm 12 deals with the right and wrong use of “that Gift.”

1.7 God is Righteous

Psalm 11:7 “For the LORD is Righteous, He loves Righteousness; His Countenance does behold the upright.” – Psalm 11:7 serves as the triumphant conclusion to Psalm11, emphasizing God’s Righteousness, His Loves for Righteousness, and His ultimate blessing of the Upright (Righteous), in the three main statements in Psalm 11:7

1.7.1 God is Righteous

Psalm 11:7a “For the LORD is Righteous.” – Psalm 11:7a affirms God’s Inherent Righteousness, emphasizing that He (God) is the Embodiment of His (God’s) Perfect Justice and Morality, and Integrity.

The Hebrew word for “righteous (tzaddiq)” highlights God’s unwavering commitment to Justice and Righteousness. This affirmation serves as the foundation for the rest of Psalm 11:7, emphasising that:

• God’s Actions are guided by Righteousness: As the Righteous God, His decisions, judgments, and actions are always motivated by the desire to uphold justice and righteousness.
• God’s Character is rooted in Righteousness: The LORD’s Righteousness is not just an Attribute, but an Essential Aspect of God’s Character, defining who He is and how He relates to Humanity.
• God’s People can trust in His Righteousness: This affirmation encourages Believers to trust in God’s Righteousness, knowing that He will always act justly and uprightly, even when circumstances seem uncertain or chaotic.

The Characteristics of Righteousness in Psalm 11:7 is beautifully described as God’s Love for Righteousness and His Delight in the Upright (Righteous). In Psalm 11:7, Righteousness is portrayed as the fundamental aspect of God’s Nature, and He loves those who reflect this righteousness in their lives.

In Psalm 11:7, we see that God’s Righteousness is not just the theoretical concept, but He (God) is living, breathing reality that guides His (God’s) Interactions with Humanity. He (God) Loves righteous deeds, and those who walk uprightly will behold His (God’s) Face, experiencing His Presence, Favor, and Blessing. The Characteristics of Righteousness highlighted in Psalm 11:7 include:

• God’s Love for Righteousness: God delights in righteousness and loves those who reflect this righteousness in their lives.
• Upright Living: The Upright (Righteous) will behold God’s Face, experiencing His Presence, Favour, and Blessing.
• Righteous Deeds: God loves righteous deeds, and those who walk in righteousness will be blessed.
• God’s Presence and Favour: The Upright (Righteous) will experience God’s Presence, Favour, and Blessing, beholding His (God’s) Face.

Overall, Psalm 11:7 presents the beautiful picture of God’s Righteousness and His Love for those who walk in righteousness.

Psalm 11:7a “For the LORD is Righteous,” is a Powerful Affirmation that reminds the Believers that:

• Righteousness is the Foundation of God’s Throne: Psalm 89:14 says, “Righteousness and Justice are the foundation of Your throne.” This emphasises that God’s Rule is rooted in Righteousness.
• God’s Righteousness is the Believers’ Hope: As Believers, we can trust in God’s Righteousness, knowing that He will ultimately vindicate the Righteous and Judge the Wicked.
• Believers should strive to reflect God’s Righteousness: Recognising God’s Inherent Righteousness should motivate the Believers to pursue righteous lives, striving to reflect God’s Character in our thoughts, words, and actions.

1.7.2 God loves Righteousness

God Loves Righteousness – Psalm 11:7b “He (God) loves Righteousness.” – Psalm 11:7b highlights God’s deep affection for Righteousness, underscoring His desire to see justice, morality, and uprightness prevail. Psalm 11:7b is also a beautiful expression of God’s Heart.  The Hebrew word for “loves (aheb)” emphasises God’s strong emotional attachment to Righteousness. Psalm 11:7b’s Statement emphasises that:

• God Delights in Righteousness: God takes pleasure in righteousness, not just as a moral virtue, but as the reflection of His (God’s) own Character.
• Righteousness is Precious to God: God values righteousness highly, and it is precious to Him.
• God’s Love for Righteousness Motivates His Actions: God’s love for righteousness drives His decisions, judgments, and actions, ensuring that justice and morality are upheld.

Psalm 11:7b ““He (God) loves Righteousness,” is the beautiful expression of God’s Heart, reminding the Believers that:

• Believers should strive to reflect God’s Love for Righteousness: As Believers, we should seek to reflect God’s Character, including His Love for rRghteousness, in our thoughts, words, and actions.
• God’s Love for Righteousness is our Security: Knowing that God Loves Righteousness, provides the Believers with Security and Confidence, as we trust that He will always act justly and uprightly.
• Believers can trust God’s Judgments: Because God Loves Righteousness, Believers can trust that His Judgments are fair, just, and motivated by the desire to uphold righteousness.

1.7.3 God rewards the Righteous

Psalm 11:7c “His (God’s) Countenance does behold the Upright.” – Psalm 11:7c, affirms God’s Assuring Promise, the beautiful conclusion to Psalm 11, emphasising the intimate relationship between God and the Upright Believer. This Final Statement of Psalm 11:7c promises that the “Upright Believers,” those who have maintained their integrity and righteousness, will ultimately behold God’s Face. Psalm 11:7c Symbolises:

• Intimacy with God.
• Favour and Blessing from God.
• Eternal Life and Communion with God

First, Psalm 11:7c “His (God’s) Countenance does behold the Upright,” a glorious conclusion, reminds the Believers that:

• God’s Righteousness is the Believers’ Hope: As Believers, we can trust in God’s Righteousness, knowing that He will ultimately vindicate the Righteous (Upright) and judge the Wicked.
• Righteousness is the Path to Intimacy with God: Believers, by living upright lives, we can cultivate a deeper intimacy with God, beholding His Face and experiencing His Favour and Blessing.
• God’s Love for Righteousness is the Believers’ Motivation: Believers, recognising God’s deep affection for Righteousness (Uprightness) should be motivated the believers to pursue righteous lives, striving to reflect God’s Character in our thoughts, words, and actions.
• Righteous Living of the Believers have their Rewards: As Believers, we can trust that our righteous living will be rewarded with God’s Favour, Approval, and Presence.
• Believers can approach God with Confidence: Knowing that God’s Countenance beholds the Upright Believers, we can approach Him with confidence, trusting in His Love, Care, and Guidance.
• God’s Presence is the Believers’ Blessing: The Promise of Psalm 11:7c “His (God’s) Countenance does behold the Upright,” of beholding God’s Countenance is the reminder that His Presence is the Believers’ Blessing, and that the Believers should strive to cultivate a deeper intimacy with Him.

Second, the Hebrew Word for “Countenance (Panim)” refers to God’s Face and His Presence. God’s Assuring Promise in Psalm 11:7c, highlights several encouraging truths to the Believers:

• God’s Favour Rests on the Upright: The Phrase “His (God’s) Countenance does behold,” implies God’s favour, approval, and delight in the Upright Believer.
• The Upright Believer has access to God’s Presence: Psalm 11:7c “His (God’s) Countenance does behold the Upright (Believer),” suggests that the Upright (Believer) has the special privilege of being in God’s Presence, beholding His Countenance (Face).
• God Watches over the Upright Believer with Care: The Assurance of God’s Countenance (Face) beholding the Upright Believer implies the sense of Watchful Care, Protection, and Guidance.

1.8 Full Complete Righteousness

“For the LORD is Righteous, He loves Righteousness; His Countenance does behold the upright (Righteous).” In Psalm 11:7, the term “Righteousness,” is mentioned three times.

First, the Hebrew word for “righteousness” in Psalm 11:7 is in the plural form (tzaddiqot), which emphasizes “Full, Complete Righteousness” or “Righteousness in all its Aspects.” – Using the plural form highlights the Comprehensive Nature of God’s Righteousness, encompassing:

• Moral Righteousness: God’s Righteous Character, which is “the Standard” for all morality.
• Justice: God’s Righteous Judgment, which upholds Justice and Equity.
• Faithfulness: God’s Righteous Faithfulness, which ensures His (God’s) Covenant Promises are fulfilled.
• Integrity: God’s Righteous Integrity, which is unwavering and uncompromising.

Second, Psalm 11:7, the plural form of “Righteousness” in Psalm 11:7 underscores the richness and depth of God’s Righteous Character, reminding the Believers that:

• God’s righteousness is Multifaceted: God’s Righteousness encompasses various aspects, including “Moral Righteousness, Justice, Faithfulness, and Integrity.”
• God’s Righteousness is Perfect: The plural form of “God’s Righteousness,” emphasizes the Completeness and Perfection of God’s Righteousness.
• Believers should strive for Comprehensive Righteousness: As Believers, we should aim to reflect God’s Comprehensive Righteousness in our lives, pursuing “Moral Righteousness, Justice, Faithfulness, and Integrity.”

1.9 Psalm 11, the Golden Utterance

Psalm 11 is often called “the Golden Utterance,” because of its rich content profound insights, and beautiful language. The reasons are:

• Rich Theology: Psalm 11 presents “the rich and nuance (distinctive) understanding” of God’s Character, emphasizing His Righteousness, Justice, and Sovereignty.
• Profundity (Wisdom) of Insight: Psalm 11 offers profound insights into the Human Condition, the Nature of Evil, and the ultimate Triumph of God’s Righteousness.
• Beautiful Language: Psalm 11 is renowned for its beautiful and expressive language, with vivid imagery and powerful metaphors that convey the depths of Human Emotion and the Majesty of God.
• Universal Relevance: Psalm 11, despite being written in the specific historical and cultural context, Psalm 11 addresses universal themes and concerns that remain relevant to People across cultures and centuries.
• Inspiration and Comfort: Psalm 11 has inspired and comforted countless Believers throughout history, offering reassurance of God’s Presence, Protection, and Ultimate Triumph over Evil.

Psalm 11 is termed “Golden Utterance” captures the essence of the teachings in Psalm 11, conveying its value, beauty, and enduring significance.

1.10 The Summary of Psalms 11

What the Believers do when the Foundations are being destroyed (Psalm 11:3)? Psalm 11 Answers this question by giving us another Foundation:

• Trust in the LORD (Psalm 11:1a).
• Makes God our Security, our Refuge (Psalm 11:1b).
• Knows that God Inhabits Eternity and Reigns over the Chaos of this World (Psalm 11:4).
• God’s Throne is in Heaven (Psalm 11:4).
• God’s Moral Order and Kingdom Transcend this World and cannot be overthrown (Psalm 11:7).
• God is the Just Judge who tries all hearts and hates “the Wicked and men of violence” (Psalm 11:5b).
• Wicked Men will know God’s Wrath (Psalm 11:5b, 6) whereas Righteous Men His (God’s) Presence (Psalm 11:5a).
• God’s Character is Righteous, and it will be made known (Psalm 11:7).

Revival always comes with the deep conviction of sin, repentance, and the consequence call to righteousness – 2Corithians 5:21 “For He (the Father) hath made Him (Jesus), who knew no sin, to be sin for us, that we might be made the righteousness of God in Him (Jesus).” Hundreds of thousands in Cities across the Country came to accept Jesus as their Lord and Personal Saviour through Charles Finney’s Ministry.

1.11 The Review of Psalms 11:7 is called “the Golden Utterance”

Psalm 11 ends, as it began, with the LORD, whose Character as Righteous Answers all “the Fear” of Psalm 11:3 “If the Foundation be destroyed, what can the Righteous do?”

• God’s Character is demonstrated – “He is Righteous” (Psalm 11:7a). It is because “the LORD is Righteous,” that the Wicked are Judged (Psalm 11:5b).
• God Approves of “the Righteous Deeds” (Psalm 11:7b “He (God) Loves Righteousness”). Because the LORD is Righteous (Psalm 11:7a), “He (God) Loves Righteousness.” (Psalm 11:7b). The word “Righteousness” is the plural form, signifying “Full, Complete Righteousness.”
• God’s Reward towards the Righteous – Psalm 11:4b, 7c “His (God’s) eyes test the sons of men…..His (God’s) Countenance beholds the Upright (Righteous).”
• To “See the Face” means to have access to the Person, such as “to see the King’s Face” (2Samuel 14:24).
• This was the ultimate desire of the Old Testament Saints: “To see God Face to Face.”
• For God to turn His Face Away is to reject the Person, but for Him to look upon the Believers with delight means He is going to bless us (Numbers 6:22-27).
• The Foundation of the Righteous is none other than God’s Character/Nature and will: what He is and what He loves (Psalm 11:7).
• Uprightness – If the first description: Psalm 11:7a “For the Righteous LORD loves Righteousness,” shows the Believer’s privileged Position, the statement that followed: “His (God’s) Countenance does behold the Upright,” shows where David’s (or the Righteous Person’s) heart should be.
• Refuge – God as “Refuge” may be sought from motives that are all too self-regarding; but to “Behold His (God’s) Face” is the objective in which only love has any interest. David knew the experience of seeing God with the inward eye in Worship (Psalm 27:4; Psalm 63:2).  
• The Righteous Person is beloved of the LORD and His (God’s) Favour is ever toward him. Thus, we see that the end of David was good, but Saul’s end was terrible (1Samuel 31). Let us never be weary of well doing (Galatians 6:9), for there is a reward to the Righteous and the Wicked will be recompensed according to his ways.

1.12 The Gospel Songs

Several Gospel Songs echo this Hope of Psalm 11:7. Carrie E. Breck (1855-1934) wrote one entitled “Face to Face.” Another by Charles H. Gabriel (1856-1932) includes the lines: “When by His grace I shall look on His face, that will be glory, be glory for me.”

• “Face to Face” by Carrie E. Breck: This Hymn captures the longing to behold God’s Face, just as Psalm 11:7 Promises. The Song’s title and lyrics reflect the deep desire to experience intimate Fellowship with God.
• Charles H. Gabriel’s Hymn: “When by His Grace I shall look on His Face, that will be Glory, be Glory for me,” beautifully express the hope of beholding God’s Face. This Hymn emphasizes that this experience will be the ultimate Glory and Joy for the Believer.

These Gospel Songs and Hymns demonstrate how Psalm 11:7 has inspired Generations of Believers to look forward to the Hope of beholding God’s Face. This Promise has become the Powerful Motivator for Believers to pursue Righteousness, trust in God’s Sovereignty, and eagerly anticipate the ultimate Reward of Eternal Fellowship with Him (God).

1.5 God Tests and Examine

Psalm 11:5“The LORD tries (tested) the Righteous; but the Wicked and him who loves violence His (God’s) soul hates.” Quoting the words of Psalm 11:4a “The LORD is in His Holy Temple,” later of crisis, Habakkuk 2:20 underlined their awesomeness with its admonition, “Let all the Earth keep Silence.” This important understanding of looking to God, as David did, involved David’s (and the Believers’) Life, looking to God:

1.5.1 God Examines

1.         God Examines – Psalm 11:5a “The LORD tried (tested) the Righteous.” –  God examines the Righteous – The term “examines (tried, tested)” (bahan) in Psalm 11:5a is the same word as in Psalm 11:4b “His (God’s) Eyes examine them.” – Psalm 11:5a affirms of God’s Refining Process for the Righteous, highlights several important Aspects of God’s relationship with the Righteous:

• God’s Testing is not Punishment: The Hebrew word “tries” or “tests” (bachan), implies the Refining Process, not Punishment.
• God’s Testing is meant to Purify and Strengthen the Righteous.
• God’s Testing is for Refinement: Just as silver and gold are refined in fire, God tests the Righteous to refine their Faith, Character, and Obedience (Psalm 66:10; Isaiah 48:10).
• God’s Testing is not Arbitrary: God’s Testing is not random or capricious. God has the purpose in testing the Righteous, which is to strengthen their trust in Him and to prepare them for greater responsibilities and blessings.
• God’s Testing is the Demonstration of His Love: The fact that God tests the Righteous demonstrates His Love and Concern for our spiritual well-being. He (God) desires to ensure that we are genuine, faithful, and committed to Him.
• Craigie states: “The testing of the Righteous (Psalm 11:5), though it might involve great hardship, would culminate in purity and the removal of dross” (P.C. Craigie, Psalm 1-50, Vol.9 of the “World Biblical Commentary,” (Waco: Word, 1985).
• Spurgeon thinks the same, when he writes that God “Refines (the Righteous) with afflictions” (C.H. Spurgeon, “The Treasury of David,” Vol.1a, Psalms 1-26 (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1968).

Psalm 11:5a “The LORD tried (tested) the Righteous,” reminds the Believers that God’s Testing has ultimate Purposes:

• Testing is the Normal part of the Christian Life: Believers, as followers of Christ, we can expect to face trials and testing, which are opportunities for growth and refinement.
• God’s Testing is always Redemptive: Even in the midst of trials, God’s ultimate goal is to redeem, restore, and mature the Believers (Revelation 21:7).
• Believers must trust God’s Sovereignty: When facing testing, the Believers must trust that God is in control and that His Purposes are always good, even if we do not understand them.

1.5.2 – Test (Hebrew)

The Hebrew word for “test” or “examine” in Psalm 11:4c and Psalm 11:5a has different connotations, although the same root word (bachan) is used.

• Psalm 11:4c: “His eyelids test (bachan) the children of men.” In Psalm 11:4c, the term “test” (bachan) implies the sense of: “Examination, Inspection, Scrutiny.” God’s eyelids are metaphorically searching and examining Humanity, observing their thoughts, words, and actions.
• Psalm 11:5a: “The LORD tries (bachan) the Righteous.” In Psalm 11:5a, the same word “tries,” or “tests” (bachan) has a slightly different connotation, implying: “Refining, Purifying, Proving.”

God, in Psalm 11:5a, is refining and purifying the Righteous, testing their Faith, and Proving their Character. While the same Hebrew word is used in Psalm 11:4c and Psalm 11:5a, the context and connotation differ. In Psalm 11:4c, the focus is on God’s Examination of Humanity, whereas in Psalm 11:5a, the emphasis is on God’s Refining Process on the Righteous.

The repetition of “test……tests” in Psalm 11:4c and Psalm 11:5a reveals that the Initiative is the LORD’s even before the decisive moment of Psalm 11:6. God’s Stillness is not Inertia but Concentration, and His (God’s) Patience gives opportunity to both Righteous and Wicked to show what they are made of.

1.5.3 God Hates Wickedness

Psalm 11:5b “But the Wicked and him who loves violence His (God’s) Soul hates.” – Psalm 11:5b is God’s affirmation that He hates Wickedness, highlights several important truths:

• God’s Hatred for Wickedness: The Hebrew word for “hates” (sane’) emphasizes God’s intense dislike for Wickedness and those who practice it.
• The Wicked and Violence: Psalm 11:5b specifically mentions two Groups: “The Wicked and Those (the People) who love violence.” This emphasizes God’s Opposition to all forms of evil, including violence and injustice.
• God’s Emotional Response: The Phrase “His (God’s) Soul Hates,” suggests that God’s hatred for “Wickedness and Those (the People) who love violence” is not just the intellectual or judicial response, but also an emotional one. God is deeply grieved and offended by Wickedness, and Those (the People) who love violence.
• Contrast with God’s Love for the Righteous: Psalm 11:5b contrasts with Psalm 11:4c which describes God’s Refining Process for the Righteous.
• This highlights the great difference between God’s Attitude towards the Righteous and towards the Wicked.
• God is Opposed to all forms of Wickedness: Believers must not underestimate God’s hatred for evil and injustice.
• Violence and Wickedness have Consequences: Those who engage in Wickedness and Violence will face God’s Judgment and Wrath.
• God’s Love (Psalm 11:4c) and Hatred (Psalm 11:5b) are not emotional whims: God’s emotional responses are rooted in His Holy and Just Nature and are not capricious or arbitrary.

Psalm 11:5b “But the Wicked and him who loves violence His (God’s) Soul hates.” This Powerful Declaration of God’s Hatred for “Wickedness and Those (the People) who love violence,” should motivate us to:

• Pursue Righteousness and Justice: Believers, as Followers of Jesus Christ, must strive to live righteous lives, promoting justice and opposing wickedness.
• Avoid Wickedness and Violence: Believers must shun all forms of evil, recognizing that God hates Wickedness and will judge those who practice it.

The Summary of Psalm 11:5 “The LORD tries (tested) the Righteous; but the Wicked and him who loves violence His (God’s) soul hates.” Psalm 11:5 is the powerful affirmation of God’s Justice and Righteousness. Psalm 11:5 teaches the Believers several important truths:

• God Tests the Righteous: The LORD examines and proves the Righteous, refining their faith and character through trials and challenges.
• God Hates Wickedness: Psalm 11:5 clearly states that God’s Soul hates the Wicked and Those (the People) who love violence. This emphasizes God’s intense dislike for evil and injustice.
• God Distinguishes between the Righteous and the Wicked: Psalm 11:5 highlights the distinction between those who follow God (the Righteous) and those who reject Him (the Wicked and Those {the People} who love violence).
• God’s Justice is Certain: Although the Wicked and Those (the People) who love violence may seem to prosper, temporarily, God’s Justice will ultimately prevail. The Wicked will face God’s Judgment, while the Righteous will be vindicated.
• God is Just: God will not tolerate wickedness forever and will ultimately judge those who persist in evil.
• God is Righteous: God loves righteousness and hates wickedness, ensuring that justice will be served.
• The Believers must choose Righteousness: As Believers, we must strive to live righteous lives, trusting in God’s Justice and Righteousness.

Psalm 11:5 is the powerful teaching encourages Believers to trust in God’s Sovereignty, Justice, and Righteousness, even in the face of evil and injustice. God Purifies the Righteous in “the Furnace of Affliction.” Job went through “the Furnace of Affliction” and was not found wanting. God hates the Wicked and the Person who loves violence. 

1.6 God Prepares

Psalm 11:6 “Upon the Wicked He (God) shall rain snares (coals), fire and brimstone, and a horrible (burning wind) tempest (wind); this shall be the Portion of their Cup.” – Psalm 11:6 is God’s Powerful Declaration of His Judgement on “the Wicked and Those (People) who love violence” (Psalm 11:5b). David uses four Images to describe God’s Judgement that God has prepared for the Wicked:

1.6.1 Snares (Coals)

Psalm 11:6a “Upon the Wicked He (God) shall rain snares (coals), fire and brimstone.” – By “snares (coals)” are meant any difficulties or troubles in which wicked men are entangled by the action of Divine Providence. The term “Snares or Coals,” (Psalm 11:6a) is the Hebrew word “Pachim,” imply difficulties, troubles, or entanglements.

In the context of Psalm 11:6a, “Snares (Coals)” might suggest that the Wicked are entangled in their own wickedness, and that God’s Judgment is the form of Divine Providence, where the Wicked are caught in the consequences of their own actions. This interpretation is supported by other biblical passages, such as:

• Psalm 7:15-16, where the Wicked are described as falling into their own traps.
• Psalm 9:15-16, where the Wicked are caught in their own snares.
• Proverbs 5:22, where the Wicked are described as being held captive by their own iniquities

This understanding highlights the teaching that God’s Judgment is not always the direct, external punishment, but can also be the form of Divine Providence, where the Wicked reap the consequences of their own actions. This insight adds depth to our understanding of Psalm 11:6a, emphasizing the complex and nuanced Nature of God’s Judgment.

1.6.2 Fire and Brimstone

Psalm 11:6b “Upon the Wicked He (God) shall rain snares (coals), fire and brimstone.”

– First, Psalm 11:6a describes God’s Judgement on the Wicked as “fire and brimstone,” which is often associated with God’s Wrath and Punishment. The Phrase: “Fire and brimstone” is also mentioned in other biblical passages:

• Genesis 19:24 (Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah).
• Deuteronomy 29:23 (Judgment on Israel’s Disobedience).
• Isaiah 30:33 (Judgment on Assyria).
• Revelation 20:10 (Final judgment on Satan and the Wicked).

In Psalm 11:6a, the Phrase “Fire and brimstone,” is preceded by “He (God) shall rain snares (coals),” which adds to the intensity of God’s Judgment. The image of fire and brimstone raining down on the Wicked emphasizes the Severity and Totality of God’s Judgment. Psalm 11:6 reminds us that God’s Judgment on the Wicked is:

• Severe: God’s Judgment is intense and overwhelming, like the rain of fire and brimstone.
• Total: God’s Judgment is not limited, but rather encompasses the entire being of the Wicked.
• Eternal: Although not explicitly stated in Psalm 11:6, nevertheless, the biblical concept of God’s Judgment often implies Eternal Consequences.

– Second, Psalm 11:6a “Upon the Wicked He (God) shall rain snares (coals), fire and brimstone,” is the firm reminder to the Believers to:

• Fear God’s Judgment: Believers should recognize the Severity of God’s Judgment, and thus, inspire the healthy Fear of God.
• Seek Righteousness: Believers should strive to live righteous lives, avoiding wickedness and seeking God’s Mercy and Forgiveness.
• Trust in God’s Justice: Although God’s Judgment may seem severe, we can trust that His Justice is fair, righteous, and motivated by His (God’s) love for righteousness and hatred for wickedness.
• God’s Judgement is with Great Severity (Revelation 16:8).
• The Wicked shall be judged by the Lord in the “Lake of Fire and Brimstone,” whose Names are not found in “the Lamb’s Book of Life” (Revelation 20:15).

1.6.3 The Scorching Wind

Psalm 11:6c “And a horrible (burning wind) tempest (wind).”

– First, Psalm 11:6b gives the vivid and intense image of “the scorching wind, a burning tempest,” as part of God’s Judgement on the Wicked.

• The Hebrew Phrase “Ruach zil’aphot” is translated as “the burning wind” or “the scorching blast.” This Phrase: “And a horrible (burning wind) tempest (wind),” paints the picture of the fierce, intense wind that brings destruction and desolation.
• The term “Zil’aphot” is particularly interesting, as it is derived from the root word “zalaf,” which means “to scorch” or “to burn.” This emphasizes the intense heat and destructive power of the wind.

– Second, David uses the image of “the storm” in Psalm 18:4-19 to describe his deliverance from his Enemies and King Saul. In Psalm 18:4-19, David vividly portrays the turmoil and chaos he faced, using imagery from nature, including:

• Waves of Death: David describes the cords of death entangling him, like powerful waves (Psalm 18:4-5).
• Stormy Waters: David pictures himself being swept away by stormy waters, symbolizing the overwhelming forces of his enemies (Psalm 18:4, 16).
• Thunder and Lightning: David describes the LORD’s Voice as thunder, shaking the earth, and His lightning bolts scattering his enemies (Psalm 18:13-14).
• Whirlwind: David portrays the LORD riding on the whirlwind, rescuing him (David) from his Enemies (Psalm 18:10).
• Convey the Intensity of David’s Distress: The turbulent, chaotic images emphasize the severity of David’s situation.
• Highlight God’s Power and Deliverance: The storm imagery also underscores the LORD’s mighty intervention, rescuing David from his Enemies.
• Emphasize God’s Presence and Control: David’s use of storm imagery reminds the Believers that God is present and in control, even in the midst of turmoil.

By using the storm imagery, David creates the powerful and memorable portrait of his deliverance, emphasizing God’s Majesty, Power, and Faithfulness.

– Third, The Description in Psalm 11:6c “And a horrible (burning wind) tempest (wind),” is  the image of the scorching wind serves to:

• Emphasize God’s Judgment: The “burning wind” represents the intensity and severity of God’s Judgment on the Wicked.
• Illustrate the Consequences of Wickedness: The “scorching wind” can be seen as the metaphor for the devastating consequences of Wickedness.
• Highlight God’s Power and Authority: The image of “the burning wind” demonstrates God’s Limitless Power and Authority, reminding the Believers that He (God) is the Sovereign Judge of All.

– Fourth, Psalm 11:6c “And a horrible (burning wind) tempest (wind),” vivid imagery should inspire the Believers to:

• Fear (Reverence) God’s Judgment: Recognizing the intensity of God’s Judgment should motivate the Believers to live righteous lives and avoid wickedness.
• Seek Refuge in God: In the face of God’s Judgment on the Wicked, the Believers should seek refuge in Him (God), trusting in His Mercy and Forgiveness.
• Praise God’s Power and Authority: This image of Psalm 11:6b “And a horrible (burning wind) tempest (wind),” of the scorching wind should inspire the Believers to worship and praise God, acknowledging His Sovereignty and Power over all Creation.

1.6.4 Poisonous Portion

Psalm 11:6d “This shall be the Portion of their Cup.” – Psalm 11:6d, is the poignant (moving) conclusion of God’s Judgement on the Wicked – Psalm 11:6d serves as the Summary Statement, emphasizing God’s Judgments described in:

• Psalm 11:6a (“Wicked Ensnares himself). 
• Psalm 11:6b (“Fire and Brimstones”).
• Psalm 11:6c (“Scorching Wind and Storms”).

The Wicked will be the allotted portion or inheritance. The word “Cup” (kos) is the metaphor for the fate or destiny that God allots to Individuals or Nations.

In this context, “the Cup” represents the Wicked’s just reward for their actions. Psalm 11:6d “This shall be the Portion of their Cup,” highlights several important truths:

• The Wicked will reap what they Sow: The portion of their “Cup” represents the consequences of their Wicked Actions.
• God’s Judgment is Fair and Just: The idea of “the Portion” or “Inheritance” implies that God’s Judgment is not arbitrary, but rather a fair and just response to the Wicked’s Actions.
• The Wicked will face Eternal Consequences: Although not explicitly stated in Psalm 11:6, the biblical concept of God’s Judgment often implies Eternal Consequences (Revelation 20:15).

David saw the image is that of “A poisonous portion in a cup” (Psalm 11:6d) is often a picture of God’s Judgement (Psalm 75:8; Isaiah 51:17,22; Jeremiah 25:15-17; Ezekiel 38:22; Revelation 14:10; Revelation 16:19; Revelation 18:6). The Wicked may be preparing to shoot at the Righteous from the shadows. But God protects the Righteous, and in the end the Wicked will themselves be shot at and destroyed.

 Psalm 11:6 “Upon the Wicked He (God) shall rain snares (coals), fire and brimstone, and a horrible (burning wind) tempest (wind); this shall be the Portion of their Cup.” This poignant (moving) conclusion should motivate the Believer to:

• Fear God’s Judgment: Recognizing the Severity of God’s Judgment should inspire a healthy fear of God.
• Seek Righteousness: Believers should strive to live righteous lives, avoiding wickedness and seeking God’s Mercy and Forgiveness.
• Trust in God’s Justice: Although God’s Judgment may seem severe, we can trust that His justice is fair, righteous, and motivated by His love for righteousness and hatred for wickedness.

1.3 Foundation Destroyed

Psalm 11:3 “If the Foundation be destroyed, what can the Righteous do?”– In Psalm 11:3, David asks the rhetorical question, highlighting the chaos and destruction that can occur when the Foundations of the Kingdom and Society are undermined. Psalm 11:3 can be seen as a reference to the deeds of King Saul and Absalom, David’s son, who undermined David’s authority and threatened his life.

First, “the Foundations” refer to the moral, social, and spiritual underpinnings of the Davidic Kingdom. When these “Foundations” are destroyed, it can lead to:

• Moral Decay: The breakdown of moral principles and values.
• Social unrest: The erosion of social cohesion and stability.
• Spiritual Darkness: The rejection of God’s Truth and Principles.

Foundation, in the more general sense, it speaks to the ruin the Society will face when the most basic aspects of godliness are removed. David knew what would happen if the Enemy triumphed. Because he was Israel’s King, if the Enemy succeeded, the Nation’s very Foundations would be destroyed.

Second, David’s Question, “What can the righteous do?” emphasizes the sense of helplessness and despair that can come when the Foundations are destroyed. David, the Psalmist’s intention is not to leave the Believers in the state of hopelessness. Rather, he is setting the stage for the affirmation of God’s Presence and Justice that follows in Psalm 11:4 “The LORD is in His holy temple, the LORD’s throne is in heaven; His eyes behold, His eyelids test the sons of men.”

Third, God had abandoned Saul as King (1Samuel 13:14; 1Samuel 15:28; 1Samuel 16:14; 1Chronicles 10:13-14), even though, Saul was still King of Israel until his death (1Samuel chapter 31). Absalom had never been chosen as King, and both men (Saul & Absalom) weakened the Foundations of the Divine Government in the Nation of Israel.

Fourth, David was God’s appointed King over the Nation of Israel (1Samuel 16:13a; 2Samuel 5:3-5; 1Chronicles 11:3), so anything that attacked him (David) personally would shake the very Foundations of the Nation of Israel.

• Psalm 11:3, the “Foundations” that are being destroyed refer to the stability and security of David’s Kingdom, which was being undermined by the actions of Saul and Absalom.
• Saul’s jealousy and attempts to kill David (1 Samuel 18-31) and Absalom’s rebellion against David (2 Samuel chapters 15 to 18) were both attempts to destroy the Foundations of David’s Kingdom and undermine his authority.
• David’s Question, “If the foundations are destroyed, what can the righteous do?” Is the heartfelt cry of despair and frustration in the face of these challenges.

However, as we will see in Psalm 11:4, David’s Faith and Trust in God’s Sovereignty and Justice ultimately give him confidence and hope, even in the midst of these challenges.

Fifth, Arno C. Gaebelein called this “the burning question of our day” (“The Book of Psalm: A Devotional and Prophetic Commentary,” (Neptune, N.Y:Loizeaux. 1965, pg.57):

• What shall we do when the Laws are not upheld?
• What shall we do when Morality is undermined?
• What shall we do when Evil sweeps on unchecked?
• What shall we do when the Bible is undermined, and its teachings disregarded – when even Churchmen seem to support the rising tide of Secularism?
• What shall we do when Family Values are crumbling, and the tide of frequent divorce sweeps forward with increasing damage to Children, Parents, and Society alike?
• What can we do when everything around us seems to be giving way?

It is in such a time as this that the Leaders must Stand – Ephesians 6:18 “Praying always with all Prayer and Supplication in the Spirit and Watching thereunto with all perseverance and supplication for all Saints.” Some counsel “hiding,” that is, running away from what is happening.

Sixth, David’s response was to take refuge in the LORD (Psalm 11:1). It is this – what it means and how it is done – that we must take hold of in Psalm 11. Each Generation must see to it that the Foundation (Family, Church & Nation) that have been laid are inspected and uphold, for example:

• Samuel laid the Foundations of the Covenant (1Samuel 12).
• Ezra laid the Foundation of the Temple (Ezra 3).
• Nehemiah laid the Foundation of the Walls of Jerusalem (Nehemiah 2:9-7:73).

This is demonstrated in Apostle Paul in the face of difficulty: “And many of the brethren in the Lord, waxing confident by my bonds, are much bolder to speak the Word without fear” (Philippians 1:14). Leaders must stand in the time of crisis in order to encourage Others to move on in life.

1.4 God’s Sovereignty

Psalm 11:4 “The LORD is in His holy temple, the LORD’s throne is in heaven; His eyes behold, His eyelids try (test) the sons (children) of men.” –  Psalm 11:4 is the powerful affirmation of God’s Presence and Sovereignty. David, in Psalm 11:4 begins the description of God, the Person who David (and the Believers) trusts.

1.4.1 God’s Presence & Authority

Psalm 11:4a “The LORD is in His Holy Temple,” is the Profound Statement of God’s Presence and Authority with Several Implications:

• God’s Presence: The Temple represents God’s Dwelling Place among His People (Exodus 25:8). This statement affirms that God is actively present and engaged with His People.
• God’s Authority: The Temple is also the symbol of God’s Authority and Sovereignty. By saying that God is in His Holy Temple, David acknowledges God’s Supreme Authority over all Creation.
• God’s Judgment: In the Old Testament, the temple was also associated with God’s judgment and justice. This phrase may imply that God is watching and judging the actions of humanity from His holy temple.
• God’s Protection: For David, the fact that God is in His Holy Temple is the Source of Comfort and Protection. It means that God is actively watching over and protecting His People.

Psalm 11:4a “The LORD is in His Holy Temple,” in essence, David’s declaration, is an encouragement and the reminder to the Believer:

• God is always present and actively engaged with His People.
• God’s Authority and Sovereignty reign Supreme.
• God Judges and Evaluates Human Attitudes and Actions.
• God Protects and Watches over HisPpeople.

Psalm 11:4a “The LORD is in His Holy Temple,” is the Powerful Reminder of God’s Presence and Authority!

1.4.2 God’s Transcedence

Psalm 11:4b “The LORD’s throne is in heaven,” is David’s affirmation of God’s Sovereignty and Transcendence, with several implications:

• God’s Sovereignty: God’s Throne represents God’s Royal Authority and Dominion over all Creation. This Statement: “The LORD’s throne is in heaven,” affirms that God is the Supreme Ruler of the Universe.
• God’s Transcendence (Divine Existence): The fact that God’s Throne is in Heaven emphasizes His Transcendence, or His Existence beyond the physical realm. God is not limited by space or time.
• God’s Omniscience: God, from His Throne in Heaven, He has the complete and perfect view of all Creation.
• God sees everything, knows everything, and understands everything.
• God’s Judgment and Justice: God’s Throne in Heaven is also the symbol of God’s Judgment and Justice.
• From His Throne, God evaluates Human attitudes and actions and renders judgment, accordingly.

In Essence, Psalm 11:4b “The LORD’s throne is in heaven,” teaches and reminds the Believers that:

• God is the Supreme Ruler over ALL Creation.
• God Exists beyond the physical realm and is not limited by space or time.
• God has complete Knowledge and Understanding of all Creation.
• God Judges and Evaluates Human attitudes and actions from His Throne in Heaven.

1.4.3 The Lord

The Name “the LORD” (Yahweh in Hebrew) is mentioned 5 times in Psalm 11 (vs. 1, 4 {twice}, 5, 7), highlights several significant facts of the use of the Name “The LORD” (Yahweh in Hebrew), has significant Covenantal Implications.

First, in the Old Testament, the Name “Yahweh” (LORD)” is closely tied to God’s Covenant Relationship with His People. This Name “Yahweh” (LORD)” is first introduced in Exodus 3:14-15, where God reveals Himself to Moses as the God of the Covenant.

Second, the Use of “The LORD,” in Psalm 11 (5 times) invokes this Covenantal context, reminding David and the Believer of:

• God’s Covenant Promises: The Name “The LORD,” recalls God’s Promises to His People, including His Promise to Protect, provide for, and be Present with them.
• God’s Faithfulness: The repetition (5 times = Grace) of “The LORD,” emphasizes God’s Faithfulness to His Covenant Promises, even in the face of wickedness and chaos.
• David’s (Believers’) Covenant Relationship: David, as the King of Israel (1Samuel 16:13; 2Samuel 5:3-5; 1Chronicles 11:3), David is reminded of his (Believer’s) own Covenant Relationship with God, which is rooted in God’s Promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

By Using the Name “The LORD,” in Psalm 11, David, affirms his (David’s/Believer’s) trust in God’s Covenant Promises.

• Invokes God’s Faithfulness to His People.
• Reminds himself (David & Believer) and others of their Covenant Relationship with God.

The Covenantal Significance of “The LORD,” in Psalm 11 adds depth and richness to our understanding of this Psalm, highlighting the importance of God’s Covenant Promises and Faithfulness in the life of David and the Believers.

Third, Biblical Numerology – The Name “The LORD,” (Yahweh in Hebrew), mentioned 5 times in Psalm 11 (Vs. 1, 4 {twice}, 5, 7) highlights several significant facts in Biblical Numerology.

• Number 5 in Biblical Numerology, is often associated with God’s Grace, Favour, and Goodness.
• Biblical Interpretation – While this interpretation is not universally accepted, it is a common theme in biblical studies. 
• Given the Context of Psalm 11, where David is trusting in God’s Presence, Sovereignty, and Covenant Faithfulness, the fivefold mention of “The LORD,” could indeed be seen as emphasizing God’s Grace.

Here are some possible ways to understand the significance of the “Number 5: in the context of Psalm 11:

• Fivefold emphasis on God’s Grace: The repetition of “The LORD,” five times might underscore the abundance of God’s Grace, which is available to David and all Believers.
• Completeness and Perfection: In Biblical Numerology, the Number 5 is associated with
• The Cross (Five wounds on Jesus).
• Atonement (“It is Finished” – John 19:30).
• Life (Jesus, completed work on Calvary Cross is “the Way, the Truth and the Life – John 14:6). 

Thus, the 5 mentions of “The LORD,” could symbolize the completeness of God’s Grace or the Perfection of His Redemptive Work on the Cross.

• Representation of God’s Covenant Faithfulness: The “Number 5” might also represent the Five Books of the Torah (Genesis to Deuteronomy), which contain the Covenant Promises and Laws given to Israel.
• The 5 mentions of “The LORD,” could reinforce God’s Faithfulness to His (God’s) Covenant Promises.

While Biblical Numerology interpretation is intriguing, it is essential to remember that Biblical Numerology is not an exact science, and different Scholars may have varying opinions on the use and significance of Numbers in Scripture. Therefore, it is important, that we should not be dogmatic over the use of Biblical Numerology, nevertheless, it is one of the important “Keys” of Biblical Interpretation.

In the Context of Psalm 11, the 5 mentions of “The LORD,” undoubtedly emphasizes God’s Presence, Sovereignty, and Covenant Faithfulness, which are all Aspects of His (God’s) Gracious Character.

• Emphasis on God’s Sovereignty: The frequent use of God’s Personal Name, “The LORD,” underscores His Sovereignty, Power, and Authority over All Creation.
• Intimacy and Personal Relationship: The use of “The LORD,” instead of other Titles or Names for God emphasizes David’s (Believers’) Personal relationship with Him. It is the term of Endearment and Intimacy.
• Contrast with Human Wickedness: The repetition of “The LORD,” serves as the stark contrast to the Wickedness and Chaos described in the Psalm 11. It highlights God’s Holiness, Justice, and Righteousness.
• Declaration of Trust and Faith: David’s (Believer’s) repeated use of “The LORD,” is the declaration of his (David’s/Believer’s) trust and faith in God’s Power, Protection, and Provision.
• Reminder of God’s Covenant Faithfulness: The Name “The LORD,” (Yahweh) is often associated with God’s Covenant Faithfulness and Promises to His People.
• David’s (and Believer’s) repetition of the Name “The LORD,” serves as the reminder of God’s Faithfulness and Commitment to His People.

Psalm 11, by emphasizing the Name “The LORD,” throughout Psalm 11, David affirms his trust in God’s Sovereignty, Intimacy, and Faithfulness, even in the face of Wickedness and Chaos.

Fourth, God, the Numberer – God is the Numberer as He has stamped His Numerical Seal upon the whole Creation (Daniel 8:13, margin “Palomoni” = The Numberer {God}of Secret” or “The Wonderful Numberer {God}).

• The Bible suggests that God is “the Divine Numberer,” who has stamped His Numerical Seal upon the whole creation. This idea is rooted in various Biblical Passages, including:
• Daniel 8:13 (margin): The marginal note in some Bibles reads “Palmoni = The Numberer of Secret” or “the Wonderful Numberer {God}.” This Phrase implies that God is the Person who assigns “Numbers” and meaning to all things.
• Psalm 147:4-5: These verses describe God’s Omniscience and Omnipotence, stating that He (God) “determines the Number of the stars and calls them each by Name” (Psalm 147:4).
• This passage highlights God’s Attention to detail and His ability to assign Numbers and Names to all Creation.
• Matthew 10:29-30: Jesus teaches that God’s Providence extends to even the smallest details, including the numbering of hairs on our heads.
• This passage emphasizes God’s Sovereignty and Care for His Creation.

Fifth, the Concept of God as the Divine Numberer suggests, as in Daniel 8:13, margin “Palomoni” = The Numberer {God}of Secret” or “The Wonderful Numberer {God}:

• God is the Source of Order and Structure: Numbers and Patterns are integral to the fabric of Creation, reflecting God’s Wisdom and Design.
• God’s Sovereignty extends to all aspects of Creation: As the Divine Numberer, God’s Authority and Providence encompass every detail, from the vast expanse of the Universe to the intricate workings of Human Life.
• God’s Numerical Seal is the testament to His Wisdom and Power: The Numerical Patterns and Codes embedded in Creation serve as the Reminder of God’s Infinite Wisdom, Power, and Creativity.

While this concept that “God is the Divine Numberer,” is not exhaustively explored in Scripture, it is a fascinating aspect of God’s Nature and Creation.

1.4.4 God is Observant

God is Observant – Psalm 11:4c “His (God’s) eyes behold, His eyelids test the sons of men.” Psalm 11:4c declares that God is “Sharp-eyed,” highlights two Aspects of God’s Nature:

• His (God’s) Eyes Behold: This Phrase: “His (God’s) eyes behold” (Psalm 11:4c), emphasizes God’s All-Seeing Nature. His eyes are constantly watching, observing, and taking in all that happens in the world.
• All-Knowing: God’s Omniscience means “He (God) has complete Knowledge of all things, past, present, and future.”

God Observes – Psalm 11:4b “His (God’s) Eyes behold, His Eyelids try (test) the children of men.”  – God observes what the People do – When the Person closely scrutinising a thing, he drops his eyelids and half closes his eyes. 

• The LORD currently is watching over David (and the Believers), and all men.  
• God Examines – When it says: “His eyelids try (test) the children of men,” it means God tries or examines all People and all their deeds, good and bad.
• God’s Discerning Eyes tried both the Righteous and the Wicked, approving the One (Righteous) and rejecting the Other (Wicked).  

Proverbs 15:3 “The Eyes of the LORD are in every place, beholding the Evil and the Good.” When David speaks of God observing People, he is reminding himself of God’s Omniscience.

• Assurance – This is reassuring as in Psalm 11:2 “For, lo, the Wicked bend their bow, they make ready their arrow upon the string, that they may privily (literally, “in darkness,” secretly) shoot at the Upright in heart.”
• The Wicked hide so that they might not be seen or known. But although the Righteous may not see the Wicked, the All-Seeing God sees them.
• The Wicked intent and deeds are as apparent to Him as if they were performed in bright daylight.

Psalm 11:4c “His (God’s) eyes behold, His eyelids test the sons of men,” affirms God’s Discernment:

• His (God’s) Eyelids Test: This Phrase: “His eyelids test the sons of men” (Psalm 11:4c), suggests that God not only Sees all things but also Evaluates and Discerns the motivations, intentions, and actions of Humanity.

Discerning Hearts: God’s Discernment penetrates beyond outward

Psalm 11:4c “His (God’s) eyes behold, His eyelids test the sons of men.” Declares and reminds the Believers that:

• God Sees Everything: Believers cannot hide from God’s All-Seeing Eyes.
• God Evaluates our Attitudes and Actions: Psalm 11:4c affirms that the Believers’ actions, motivations, and intentions are subject to God’s Discernment.
• God’s Judgment is Fair: Because God sees and knows all things, His Judgment is always Fair, Just, and Righteous.

Psalm 11:4c “His (God’s) eyes behold, His eyelids test the sons of men,” the profound description of God’s Nature encourages us to:

• Live with Integrity: Knowing that God sees and evaluates all things, we should strive to live with integrity, honesty, and transparency.
• Fear (Reverence) God: Recognizing God’s Omniscience and Discernment should inspire the healthy Fear of God, leading us to reverence and worship Him.
• Trust in God’s Justice: Because God’s Judgment is fair and just, we can trust that He will ultimately vindicate the Righteous and punish the Wicked.

The Summary of Psalm 11:4 “The LORD is in His holy temple, the LORD’s throne is in heaven; His eyes behold, His eyelids try (test) the sons (children) of men.”

• The feverish (agitated) scene of Psalm 11:1-3 is overtaken by the LORD’s Presence – Psalm 11:4a “The LORD is in His holy temple; the LORD’s throne is in heaven.” Whose Name here is emphatic and reiterated. Remember that God is still on the Throne (Psalm 11:4b). 
• The LORD is in Residence, not in Flight: His (God’s) City “has Foundation” (Hebrews 11:10), therefore, the question of Psalm 11:3 “If the Foundation be destroyed, what can the Righteous do?” Can be met without despair:
• Temple (or Palace; it is the same word) is not an earthly building, as Psalm 11:4b indicates – “The LORD’s Throne is in Heaven.”
• God’s Throne is the Place from which God, the Judge of the Earth renders Judgement.

1.0 The Statement

Psalm 11 is called “Psalm of Confidence or Trust,” in God’s Presence and Protection, the Refuge from wicked People, our Defence against their evil deeds, the lesson we should never forget. Psalm 11can be summarised as: “God is our refuge and strength in times of trouble.”  The Psalmist, David, declares his trust in God, even when faced with persecution and danger (Psalm 11:1-3), affirming that:

• God is in His holy temple (Psalm 11:4).
• God tests the righteous and the wicked (Psalm 11:5).
• God loves righteousness and justice (Psalm 11:7)

Psalm 11 offers comfort, hope, and encouragement to Believers facing challenges and uncertainties, reminding us that God is our Rock, Refuge, and Strength. Psalm 11 is the Psalm of Meditation rather than the Prayer. The Davidic Authorship of Psalm 11 is not questioned, but the exact date of its composition and the circumstances in which it was written remained uncertain.

Some Expositors feel that Psalm 11 belongs to those days when David was in Saul’s Palace, loved by many but feared by the jealous King Saul whose intent was to slay him {David- 1Samuel 19:1}, or during the Rebellion of Absalom. The situation described in Psalm 11 would correspond to both circumstances but there is no Title to Psalm 11 which would confirm either.

Whatever the crisis, Psalm 11 teaches us that we must choose between listening to human Counsel (Walking by Sight – Job 16:2) and trusting the LORD (Walking by Faith – Romans 1:17).

David in Psalm 11 expresses Confidence in God. His (David’s) words of Assurance flow in the Poem of true lyric quality. The “Thought” moves from the attack of the Wicked (Psalm 11:1-3), to God’s Response (Psalm 11:4-6), to the Final Confession of Faith (Psalm 11:7).

1.1 God Our Refuge

Psalm 11:1-2 “In the LORD I put my trust; how can you say to my soul, ‘flee as a bird to your mountains?’ For look! The Wicked bend their bow, they make ready their arrow on the string, that they may privily (literally, “in darkness,” secretly) shoot at the upright in heart.”

1.1.1 God’s Protection

Psalm 11:1a “In the LORD I put my trust (take refuge – NIV).”– Psalm 11:1a teaches the Believer to trust God in His Protection, rather than relying on human means of escape or safety from the Wicked and their evil deeds. Psalm 11:1a is the powerful statement of David’s faith, where he declares that he puts his trust in the LORD. The Hebrew word used here for “trust” (ḥāsaṭ) means “to seek refuge, shelter, or protection.” – In essence, David is saying that he is confident in God’s ability to protect and care for him. He (David) is putting his faith in God’s Character, Promises, and Power. Psalm 11:1a encourages the Believer to:

• Trust in God’s Sovereignty: Recognize that God is in control and has the Believer’s best interests at heart.
• Seek Refuge in God: The Phrase: “take refuge (NIV),” teaches the Believer to seek God as his safe haven, his Rock, and his Shelter in times of trouble.
• Put Faith in God’s Character: The Phrase: “take refuge (NIV),” affirms in God’s goodness, love, and faithfulness, even when circumstances are uncertain or challenging.

David, is expressing his trust in the LORD, saying that he (David) “(NIV) takes refuge in Him,” “(NKJV) I put my trust in the LORD.” – The phrase “take refuge” (put my trust)” is the Hebrew term that means “to seek shelter or protection.” David is essentially stating that God is his “Safe Haven, his Rock, and his Fortress.”

1.1.2 The Rhetorical Question

Psalm 11:1b “How can you say to my soul, ‘flee as a bird to your mountains?’” Psalm 11:1b is the rhetorical question, where David is asking how People can suggest that he (David) flee to the mountains like a bird when he has already taken refuge in the LORD. The question in Psalm 11:1b highlights the tension between trusting in God’s Protection and relying on human means of escape from the attacks and evil deeds of the Wicked.

• David’s Question, “How can you say to my soul…?” Implies that the People urged him (David) to abandon his trust in God and instead rely on his own efforts to escape or find safety.
• The Phrase “flee as a bird to your mountains” is the metaphorical expression that means to quickly and safely escape to a secure location, the mountains.

David in Psalm 11:1b is responding to the advice or criticism of others, who are telling him to flee or escape from the dangers or challenges he is facing, by his own ingenuity (cleverness). In essence, David is challenging the advice given by others:

• Why are you telling me to flee when I have put my trust in God?
• Do not you know that God is my Refuge and Strength?”
• I will rather trust in God’s Protection than rely on my own efforts to escape.

Psalm 11:1b is David’s practical lesson to the Believer, encouraging the Believe not to be swerved by human advice but to trust in the LORD in the face of difficult challenges:

• Stand firm in our Faith: Resist the temptation to abandon our trust in God when faced with challenges.
• Trust in God’s Protection: Recognize that God is our ultimate Refuge and Strength, and that He (God) is able to protect and care for us.
• Do not rely solely on human wisdom: Be cautious of advice that urges us to rely solely on our own efforts or human wisdom, rather than trusting in God’s Sovereignty and His Provision.

David’s friends suggested that he should “flee to the mountains” to escape his (David) Pursuers but David refutes their advice, asserting that his trust (refuge) is in God. David could have said, as Nehemiah did: “Should such a man as I flee?” (Nehemiah 6:11). But of course, the time would come when David must flee. It would eventually be the prudent thing to do. But as of now, he is resolute.  David’s trust in the LORD inhibits his desire to escape calamity.

First, Flee – The word “flee” is in the plural and refers to David and his responsibility in the King Saul’s Court. It is right for the Person to flee from temptation (2Timothy 2:22) as Joseph did (Genesis 39:11-13), but it is wrong to flee from the place of responsibility, as Nehemiah was invited to do (Nehemiah 6:10-11), but he refused.

Second, Shepherd – The Leader who flees needlessly from the crisis is only a Hireling and not a faithful Shepherd (John 10:12-13). Thus, David had taken into consideration both his life and responsibility. He chose to trust the LORD. 

Third, God’s Promise – It is good to look at facts rationally, however, it is better to look at those facts in the light of God’s Presence and Promises.

Fourth, David is faced with the alternative that confronts all, in crisis: Make God our Refuge or try to create our own. The ultimate issue is whether we will trust God or trust ourselves. Faith will do more for David (and us) than flight. David (and us) does not advocate retreat, and resignation:

Fifth, the Antithesis (direct opposite) of “mountains” (friend’s perspective) and “the LORD” (David’s Perspective) as Refuge is starkly clear (Psalm 121:1). The friends’ advice seems well-meant but not of the LORD, for example:

• Peter to Jesus (Matthew 16:22).
• Shemaiah to Nehemiah (Nehemiah 6:10-14).
• Pharisees to Jesus (Luke 13:31).  

Sixth, Confidence – Leaders, must be aware of unwise counsel. Leader, putting their faith in the Lord Jesus, and He will protect the and direct their paths (Proverbs 3:5-6).

Seventh, Trust – It is noteworthy that during this time of persecution, David was able to accomplish many things with the help of the LORD. Thus, even when we are in distress, let us not hide away, for if we put our trust in the LORD as David did, God will make us fruitful in our times of distress.

1.2 Wicked & their Schemes

Psalm 11:2 “For look (behold)! The Wicked bend their bow, they make ready their arrow on the string, that they may shoot secretly at the upright in heart.” – Psalm 11:2 teaches about the Wicked and their schemes. King Saul made 15 attempts on David’s life (1Samuel chapters 18 to 27). It was a difficult time for David as Archers were everywhere seeking to kill him (Psalm 11:2).

1.2.1 Tha Archers

Psalm 11:2a “For look (behold)! The Wicked (Archers) bend their bow.” – This thought of Archers was not only in the literal sense but also in the spiritual sense, as we see in the life of Joseph: Genesis 49:23 “The Archers have sorely grieved him, and shot at him, and hated him.”  In application, Joseph’s case speaks of the cruel actions of his brothers and to the unjust charges of Potiphar’s wife. Therefore, it is also applied to the false accusations of the Wicked (Archers), seeking to harm him (David). In Genesis 49:23 and Psalm 11:2:

• Malicious Intent: The Archers in Genesis 49:23 and the wicked in Psalm 11:2 have malicious intentions to harm the righteous Individuals (Joseph and David).
• Hidden Attacks: Both Groups (Genesis 49:23 & Psalm 11:2) use underhanded methods to attack their victims, whether it is through deceit (Joseph’s brothers) or hidden arrows (Psalm 11:2).

Contrast with God’s Protection: In both cases (Genesis 49:23 & Psalm 11:2), God’s Protection and Sovereignty are highlighted. Despite the malicious intentions of the Wicked, God ultimately protects and delivers His People.

By drawing this connection of Genesis 49:23 and Psalm 11:2, both passages of the Scriptures teach us:

• The Wicked will always oppose the Righteous: Throughout history, there will always be those who seek to harm and undermine God’s People.
• God is our ultimate Protector: Despite the threats and attacks of the Wicked, God is our Rock, Refuge, and Deliverer.

1.2.2 The Wicked Plotted & Schemed

Psalm 11:2b “They (Wicked) make ready their arrow on the string, that they may shoot secretly at the upright in heart.” – Psalm 11:2b describes the Wicked as:

• Preparing for Attack: The term “Make ready” their arrow, indicating the deliberate and intentional preparation to harm David, and the Believer.
• Using Stealth and Secrecy: The Phase: “Aim to shoot secretly” at the upright, highlighting their cowardly and underhanded tactics.
• Targeting the Righteous: The Wicked specifically target the “upright in heart,” referring to those who are righteous, innocent, and faithful.

Psalm 11:2b “They (Wicked) make ready their arrow on the string, that they may shoot secretly at the upright in heart,” reminds us that:

• The Wicked often operate in Secret: The Wicked may try to hide their evil intentions and actions from others.
• God Sees and Knows All: Despite the Wicked’s attempts to operate in secret, God is “All-Knowing and All-Seeing (Omniscience – Psalm 139:15-16)”.
• We must trust in God’s Protection: As Believers, we must trust in God’s Protection and Provision, even when faced with the threats and attacks of the Wicked.

Psalm 11:2 “For look (behold)! The Wicked bend their bow, they make ready their arrow on the string, that they may shoot secretly at the upright in heart,” is a strong reminder to the Believers that:

• The Wicked will oppose the Righteous: Believers can expect that those who are opposed to God and His People will try to harm and undermine them.
• God Sees and Knows All: Although the Wicked may operate in secrecy, God sees and knows all, and He will ultimately bring justice and righteousness.
• Believers must trust in God’s Protection: As Believers, we must trust in God’s Protection and Provision, even in the face of opposition and danger.

Let the Believers triumph over the Archers even as Joseph and David did in the spirit of forgiveness, love, for our Enemies. The “bows and arrows” may also be metaphors for deceptive and destructive words:

• Psalm 57:4 “My soul is among the lions, and I lie even among them that are set on fire, even the sons of men, whose teeth are spears and arrows, and their tongue a sharp sword.”
• Psalm 64:3-4 “Who whet their tongue like a sword, and bend their bows to shoot their arrows, even bitter words” (Proverbs 26:18-19; Jeremiah 9:3,8; 18:18).

David’s friends continue to press their argument. Conditions were waxing worse. It was as if his (David’s) Enemy had already bent his bow and made ready the arrow upon the bow. The Wicked were poised to shoot. They would do it privily (literally, “in the dark”) unsuspectingly, suddenly, under cover in darkness. Psalm 11: 2b “That they may privily (literally, “in darkness,” secretly) shoot at the upright in heart.” The phrase: “In the LORD put I my trust,”

When John Welsh and his Fellow-Captives were summoned from their Prison in Blackness, on the Firth of Forth, to appear before the Court at Linlithgow, they sang Psalm 11, as they walked by night under guard to their trial. In the old version, which they used, it stands:

“I trust in God, how dare ye then,
Say thus my soul until.
Flee hence as fast as any fowls,
And hide you in your hill?”

Psalm 11:1-2 encourages us to put our trust in God, especially during times of uncertainty or challenges. It reminds us that our ultimate security come from Him (God), not from our own efforts or human means. The phrase: “In the LORD put I my trust,” (Psalm 11:1a) also means “In the LORD have I taken refuge.” Thus, Psalm 11:1-2 taken as the whole is the Profession of Faith in the face of threat.